The most effective system to ensure nuclear safety

The nuclear safety law, in the form of national laws, consolidates and perfects a set of nuclear safety institutional framework that has been formed in China, which is not only in line with international standards, but also in line with China's national conditions. As a technician engaged in nuclear safety supervision, the author of this paper interprets the nuclear safety law and puts forward corresponding views in combination with specific supervision and review work. This edition is specially excerpted for readers

the primary condition for the development of nuclear industry is to ensure safety, which is the premise, foundation and lifeline of the development of nuclear industry

the primary condition for the development of nuclear industry is to ensure safety, which is the premise, foundation and lifeline of the development of nuclear industry. Since 1984, after more than 30 years of unremitting efforts, China has established a nuclear and radiation safety regulatory system in line with international standards, including 1 law, 7 regulations of the State Council, 29 departmental rules and 93 guiding documents. This set of regulations has a high starting point for the management and technical requirements of nuclear and radiation, and has made an important contribution to ensuring the safety of nuclear and radiation in China

first, the national nuclear safety supervision and management system has been established, which provides a legal guarantee for the national nuclear safety administration to independently exercise nuclear safety supervision. Secondly, a nuclear safety license management system has been established, and the operating units of nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities under construction and construction should apply for licenses in stages according to the regulations. Thirdly, it improves the safety level of nuclear facilities, provides a reliable basis for nuclear safety technical regulations for operation, design, manufacturing and construction units and nuclear safety supervision departments, and ensures the safety of nuclear facilities

at the same time, quality assurance regulations have been formulated, a quality assurance system has been formed, a quality assurance system has been established, and the safety management level of nuclear facilities has been improved. These good practices have enhanced public confidence in nuclear safety. With the release and continuous improvement of nuclear safety regulations, nuclear facilities, especially nuclear power plants, have laws to abide by in site selection, design, construction and operation, and their safety can be guaranteed

however, before the promulgation of the nuclear safety law, China's nuclear safety regulatory system was mainly based on the regulations of the State Council and departmental rules. The only one "law on the prevention and control of radioactive pollution" mainly made relevant provisions for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution and even the products made by many materials abroad in the first 10 years, and did not address the establishment and implementation of the basic guidelines, principles, legal systems and measures related to nuclear safety, nuclear safety Regulations on major issues such as public participation and supervision and management system cannot meet the actual needs of nuclear safety work under the current situation

the promulgation and implementation of the nuclear safety law has improved China's nuclear safety legal system, which is conducive to strengthening nuclear safety supervision, enhancing the public's understanding and confidence in nuclear safety, establishing a good international image of China, and strengthening the confidence of the international community in China's nuclear safety

in the future, nuclear safety supervision and inspection should become the norm if no abnormalities are found.

there are many bright spots in the nuclear safety law, and one of the bright spots highlighted in this article is clear

from Article 75 to Article 91 of the nuclear safety law, corresponding punishment measures are proposed for violations of the nuclear safety law. Among them, the most important is the confiscation of illegal income and fines. Fines will be imposed not only on illegal enterprises, but also on directly responsible executives and other direct personnel. If the circumstances are serious and refuse to change, as the government and the public continue to improve their requirements for environmental protection, they shall be ordered to stop construction, suspend production for rectification, temporarily suspend or revoke their licenses according to law. If it constitutes a violation of the administration of public security, the public security organ shall impose a penalty on the administration of public security according to law

this is completely different from the previous nuclear safety supervision measures and supervision efforts. Previously, the nuclear safety supervision and inspection found that there are places that do not meet the safety requirements, and the relevant units can complete the rectification as required. After the implementation of the nuclear safety law, the nuclear safety supervision and inspection found that there were places that did not meet the safety requirements, which not only required the relevant units to complete the rectification within a time limit, but also punished the relevant units and individuals

therefore, in order to better implement the nuclear safety law and avoid being punished by the nuclear safety supervision and Administration Department of the State Council for violating the law, relevant enterprises should actively strengthen internal nuclear safety management and inspection. Such as establishing or strengthening a special internal nuclear safety supervision and management department. This department should be able to reflect a certain degree of independence (relative to its internal production department) and give sufficient authority to carry out work and ensure work effectiveness

the author believes that it should be the norm that no abnormality is found in nuclear safety supervision and inspection in the future

nuclear safety is an important part of the national security system, and ensuring nuclear safety is the and obligation of every citizen. Whether the nuclear activities of nuclear facilities meet the nuclear safety requirements, the operating units, engineering companies, design units, etc. should first of all have their own detailed analysis and judgment, and provide convincing and sufficient evidence and materials to the nuclear safety supervision and Administration Department of the State Council, indicating that the safety of nuclear activities of nuclear facilities is acceptable

in the past practice of nuclear safety supervision, researchers found that the final materials include 5 (1) 00 nm of lignin, up to its twists and turns, which may break thin sheets and high modulus rubber interfaces. For some technical fields, such as digital instrument control (DCS), network safety, etc., design units and equipment suppliers often refuse to provide relevant information on the grounds of trade secrets

according to the provisions of Articles 22 and 73 of the nuclear safety law, from the perspective of national security, relevant departments and units should properly solve this problem, and clearly require to provide sufficient safety argumentation materials that meet the requirements of nuclear safety supervision when signing design and supply contracts

as a nuclear safety supervisor, we should learn to understand and be practical, manage nuclear affairs strictly in accordance with the law, and effectively ensure nuclear safety

nuclear safety involves many departments, has a long extended chain, and has strong professionalism in supervision. Therefore, under the guidance of the nuclear safety law, it is particularly important to further strengthen the construction of nuclear safety supervision capacity. Especially in specific work, we should strengthen research and make some adaptive improvements when necessary

the final safety analysis report of nuclear power plant (hereinafter referred to as FSAR) is the license benchmark document for the operation of nuclear power plants. In the past, you may pay more attention to the contents directly related to nuclear safety, such as safety system configuration, safety classification, etc. However, FSAR also stipulates other important information of nuclear power plants, such as radiation protection zoning, which is determined according to the conservative analysis of radioactive source terms. During the operation of nuclear power plants, it is often necessary to adjust and optimize the radiation protection zoning according to the measured results. In the past, when nuclear power plants adjusted and optimized radiation protection zoning, they often did not apply to the National Nuclear Safety Administration in advance, and did not revise the final safety analysis report in time, resulting in the inconsistency between the actual radiation protection zoning of nuclear power plants and the relevant descriptions of FSAR

if the actual situation of nuclear power plants like this is inconsistent with the description of FSAR, the situation that may be punished according to the provisions of the nuclear safety law may still exist, which needs attention. The operating unit of the nuclear power plant shall carefully study the FSAR and timely revise the FSAR to ensure that the actual situation of the nuclear power plant is consistent with the FSAR

Article 75 of the nuclear safety law clearly stipulates that "the nuclear safety supervision and Administration Department of the State Council or other relevant departments, and the relevant departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have other acts of abuse of power, dereliction of duty, and Favoritism", and the person in charge and other persons directly responsible shall be punished according to law

as a person specialized in nuclear safety supervision, the author considers that the following situations will occur: due to the lack of law enforcement experience in the past, nuclear safety supervisors may punish relevant enterprises and personnel for their violations of the nuclear safety law without punishment, or should not be punished, which may be held accountable for constituting "abuse of power and dereliction of duty"

therefore, it is suggested that the corresponding procedures or rules for supporting investigation and evidence collection, supervision and law enforcement should be issued in time according to the corresponding requirements of the nuclear safety law, so that the behavior of nuclear safety supervisors can be based on rules. This will also make the legalization system of nuclear safety supervision more perfect. At the same time, it is suggested to carry out targeted training on law enforcement for supervisors and equip them with laws and regulations to clarify and standardize law enforcement behavior

the former head of the Ministry of environmental protection pointed out in his speech at the 2017 year-end work summary meeting of nuclear and radiation safety supervision that 2018 is the year of implementation of the nuclear safety law, and the publicity and implementation of the nuclear safety law should cover all supervisors, all licensed units, all practitioners and stakeholders. We should promote the implementation of the nuclear safety law, systematically sort out the legal system, and strive for practical results in the implementation of various publicity and implementation actions

as nuclear safety supervisors, we should further study the "nuclear safety law", so as to learn to understand and be practical, manage nuclear affairs in strict accordance with the law, and effectively ensure nuclear safety